Afshin Hedayat
Abstract
Nowadays, a very particular type of nuclear reactors has become fascinating not only for most nuclear communities but also for the prominent energy suppliers to fix the global warming effects worldwide. They are Small Modular Reactors called SMRs. Usually, SMRs can are classified according to the seven ...
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Nowadays, a very particular type of nuclear reactors has become fascinating not only for most nuclear communities but also for the prominent energy suppliers to fix the global warming effects worldwide. They are Small Modular Reactors called SMRs. Usually, SMRs can are classified according to the seven different categories. They include PWRs (especially iPWRs), BWRs, PHWRs, GCR, LMFBR, MSR, and MMRs. Although many different plans have been proposed worldwide, only a few well-established or successive developing action plans are among many innovative conceptual designs. This paper briefly presents a comparison study reviewing the last advances and challenges. The proposed roadmap is strongly correlated and depends on the technology readiness and documentation, technology availability, safety and reliability, design, and construction feasibility for different countries. A new graded approach Phenomenological Identification Ranking Table (PIRT) has been developed and proposed to choose the most profitable and compatible action plan dependent on the situation. Finally, the best feasible designs are compared and proposed against the lack of First-of-A-Kind (FOAK). Furthermore, different options are proposed for different priorities and preferences based on the available nuclear infrastructures. Studies are very profitable to save money and time and develop a strategic action plan for newcomers and developing countries. On the other hand, some exceptional designs have extraordinary advantages for industrial countries and even more for the future of nuclear energy worldwide. Therefore, the proposed roadmap covers short-term, mid-term, and long-term strategies for developing countries and newcomers in the nuclear reactor industry.
Afshin Hedayat
Abstract
Both of small and medium sized reactors and small modular reactors are called SMRs. They are reviewed and discussed in this paper, particularly integral Pressurized Water Reactors (iPWRs). Studies show that PWRs are the most interested, designed and constructed ...
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Both of small and medium sized reactors and small modular reactors are called SMRs. They are reviewed and discussed in this paper, particularly integral Pressurized Water Reactors (iPWRs). Studies show that PWRs are the most interested, designed and constructed nuclear reactor type worldwide. Some innovative small modular PWRs like the MASLWR, NuScale, CAREM-25, SMART and ACP-100 have several outstanding characteristics to be promisingly recognized as near term options of the next generation of small modular PWRs. They have several inherently safety features and improved passive safety system. They require smaller infrastructure and capital costs. They can be also developed rapidly in different and independent modular unites even for remote area or outlands without required infrastructure or electrical grids. It should be noted that new modern economy strategies like the Return of Investment (ROI) issues may advice medium or large reactors rather than small units for developed and industrial countries while small modular plans can be much more interesting and accessible for new comers or even developing countries. Finally, multi-applicability is an appropriate solution to develop expensive nuclear power plants economically as well as multi-purpose research reactors (especially by means of small modular iPWRs).
Afshin Hedayat
Abstract
Fast neutron irradiation is one of the most strategic radiation applications of research reactors. Usually, it is performed around the reactor core containing lower neutron flux. In this paper, a hybrid object has been introduced and analyzed to enhance irradiating ...
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Fast neutron irradiation is one of the most strategic radiation applications of research reactors. Usually, it is performed around the reactor core containing lower neutron flux. In this paper, a hybrid object has been introduced and analyzed to enhance irradiating applications of the fast neutrons in the core of a Material Testing Reactor (MTR). The tool includes an old-type low-consumed HEU control fuel element, a dry channel, and a Cd filter. It is supposed to be installed at the internal neutron trap (D4 positions) of TRR core configuration. Calculating results are very promising for using the proposed tool to increase neutron fluxes, reduce thermal and epi-thermal neutron fluxes, and shift the neutron spectrum toward the fast neutron region (hardening effect) at the chosen irradiating location. Primary safety parameters are also checked and passed successfully. Furthermore, there are also some other presented safety items which must be checked carefully and conservatively in order to refabricate and install such a irradiating tool in an in-core location of a MTR.
